A Probabilistic Framework for Modeling Electric Vehicle Charging Loads in Rental Car Fleets

This study presents a data-driven probabilistic framework for estimating electric vehicle charging demand in rental car fleets. It integrates rental mobility data, EV technical specifications, and charging standards, while using Monte Carlo simulation to capture uncertainties in user behavior and charging processes. A priority-based charging management framework is also developed to improve charger utilization, reduce unmet charging demand, and support cost-effective charging infrastructure planning.